the parched lands of the sahel and congo, technology is transforming things. everything is speeding up. everything is opening up. now, if i can talk about something i actually know about for a moment. this feeling reminds me a little bit, maybe more than a little bit of the arrival of punk rock in the mid 1970's. you see, the clash were the very base of the rock and roll pyramid and overnight gave the finger to the dreadful business, the lurgy at the time that was at the top of the pyramid. it was called progressive rock. epic lyrics, no hooks, no -- great reviews. [laughter] punk bands made no reference of being worthy of the audience. if you want to play, great, grab a guitar and you're in. the clash were like a public service announcement with guitars, and they gave youtube the idea that social activism could make for a very musical riot. so i'd just like to point out that none of your professors, not a single one, not ever has ever drawn or is likely to draw the connection between the arab spring and the clash. just a little intermission. [applause] and ok. sharpen your pencils. i